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Stereotype (printing) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Stereotype (disambiguation).

A stereotype mold ("flong") being made

Stereotype casting room of the Seattle Daily Times, ca. 1900 In printing, a stereotype, also known as a cliché, stereoplate or simply a stereo, was originally a "solid plate of type metal, cast from a papier-mâché or plaster mould (called a flong) taken from the surface of a forme of type"[1] used for printing instead of the original. The compositing of individual cast metal sorts of type into lines with leading and furniture tightly bound into a page forme was labor-intensive and costly. The printer would incur further expense through loss of the sorts for other uses once held in formes. With the growth in popularity of the novel, printers who did not accurately predict sales were forced into the expense of resetting type for subsequent editions. The stereotype radically changed the way novels were reprinted, saving the printer's recompositing expense while freeing the sorts for other jobs.[2] ...while Nathaniel Hawthorne's publishers assumed that The Scarlet Letter (1850) would do well, printing an uncharacteristically large edition of 2,500 copies, popular demand for Hawthorne's controversial "Custom House" introduction outstripped supply, prompting Ticknor & Fields to reset the type and to reprint another 2,500 copies within two months of the first publication. Still unaware that they had an incipient classic on their hands, Ticknor & Fields neglected at this time to invest in stereotype plates, and thus were forced to pay to reset the type for a third time just four months later when they finally stereotyped the book.[3] Stereotyping was invented by William Ged in 1725, who apparently stereotyped plates for the Bible at Cambridge University before abandoning the business.[4] Wide application of the technique, with improvements, is attributed to Charles Stanhope in the early 1800s. Printing plates for the Bible were stereotyped in the US in 1814.[5] Etymologies[edit]

Over time, this became a metaphor for any set of ideas repeated identically, en bloc, with minor changes. In fact, cliché and stereotype were both originally printers' words, and in their literal printers' meanings were synonymous. Specifically, cliché was an onomatopoeic word for the sound that was made during the stereotyping process when the matrix hit molten metal. This was known as 'dabbing' in English. Precisely, the forme was placed on molten lead at the point of cooling to make the cast.[6] The term "stereotype" derives from Greek στερεός (stereos) "solid, firm[7] + τύπος (tupos) "blow, impression, engraved mark"[8] and in its modern sense was coined in 1798. References[edit]

Jump up ^ OED, 1ed., vol. 9, part 1, p. 925 Jump up ^ Logan, Peter Melville (2011). "The Encyclopedia of the Novel". Blackwell Publishing, West Sussex, UK. p. 676. Retrieved May 11, 2011. Jump up ^ Logan, Peter Melville (2011). "The Encyclopedia of the Novel". Blackwell Publishing, West Sussex, UK. p. 677. Retrieved May 11, 2011. Jump up ^ "William Ged, (b. 1690, Edinburgh, Scot.—d. Oct. 19, 1749, Leith, Midlothian), Scottish goldsmith who invented (1725) stereotyping". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 11 January 2011. Jump up ^ Hatch, Harris B.; Stewart, Alexander A. (1918). "History of Stereotyping". Electrotyping and stereotyping. Chicago: United Typothetae of America. pp. 45–49. Primer for apprentices in the printing industry. Jump up ^ OED, 1ed., vol. 2, p. 496 Jump up ^ Stereos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus Jump up ^ Tupos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus Further reading[edit]

Alexis Weedon (2003). Victorian Publishing. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 16. ISBN 9780754635277. [hide] v t e Letterpress printing History of printing • Printer Relief printing Movable type Type casting Type metal Punchcutter Matrix Blocks and plates Stereotype Logographic printing Wood engraving Electrotype Zinc etching Buchdrucker-1568.png Typesetting Manual typesetting Type case Composing stick Sort Slug Strut Reglet Furniture Leading Hellbox Hot metal typesetting Linotype machine Monotype System Ludlow Typograph Intertype Machine Paige Compositor Printing press Parts of a press Platen Frisket Tympan Bed (Forme) Inking Ink ball Composition roller Types of presses Hand press (Stanhope press • Columbian press • Albion press) Jobbing press (Golding & Company • Chandler & Price • Colt's Armory Press) Cylinder press Rotary press Other equipment Folding machine Paper cutter Addressograph Related arts: Typography • Bookbinding • Printmaking • Papermaking Categories: PrintingScottish inventions