사용자:Cocoonis/연습장

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.

The Ilyushin Il-38 "Dolphin"[1] (NATO reporting name: May) is a maritime patrol aircraft and anti-submarine warfare aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. It was a development of the Ilyushin Il-18 turboprop transport.

일류신 Il-38(나토 코드명: May)는 소비에트 연방에서 개발된 초계기이자 대잠초계기이다. Il-38은 일류신 Il-18 터보프롭 여객기를 베이스로 한 모델이다.

Design and development[편집]

The Il-38 is an adaptation of the four-engined turboprop Ilyushin Il-18 for use as a maritime patrol aircraft for the Soviet Navy. It met a requirement to counter American ballistic missile submarines. The Communist Party Central Committee and the Council of Ministers issued a joint directive on 18 June 1960, calling for a prototype to be ready for trials by the second quarter of 1962. The fuselage, wing, tail unit and engine nacelles were the same as the Il-18 and it had the same powerplant and flight deck. An aerodynamic prototype of the Il-38 first flew on 28 September 1961,[2] with the first production aircraft following in September 1967. Production continued until 1972, when the longer-range and more versatile Tupolev Tu-142 derivative of the Tupolev Tu-95 strategic bomber had entered service.[3]

Il-38은 4발 터보프롭 여객기인 일류신 Il-18을 바탕으로 소련 해군의 대잠초계기 역할을 하도록 제작되었다. 기체는 미국의 탄도유도탄 잠수함에 대응하여야 한다는 요구사항을 만족시켰다. 공산당 중앙위원회와 각료평의회는 1960년 6월 18일 의결안을 내어 1962년 2분기까지 시제품을 시험비행할 준비가 되도록 명령하였다. 동체, 날개, 꼬리날개 유닛, 엔진 나셀은 Il-18과 동일했으며 전기 시스템과 조종실 역시 동일했다. Il-38의 시제품은 1961년 9월 28일 첫 비행을 선보였으며,[2] 비행기의 첫 생산은 1967년 9월에 시작되었다. 1972년 전폭기 투폴레프 Tu-95의 개량형으로 더 다재다능하며 긴 운항거리를 가진 투폴레프 Tu-142가 등장할 때까지 Il-38의 생산은 계속되었다.[3]

The airframe is based on the Il-18, with the wings moved forward 3 m (9.84 ft).[4] Unlike the Il-18, only the forward fuselage of the Il-38 is pressurised. The tail contains a MAD, while under the forward fuselage a Berkut ("Golden Eagle") search radar (named "Wet Eye" by NATO) is housed in a bulged radome. There are two internal weapons bays, one forward of the wing, housing sonobuoys and one behind the wing housing weapons.[2]

기체는 Il-18을 기반으로 했고, 날개는 3m만큼 앞으로 이동했다.[4] Il-18과는 다르게, Il-38은 전면부만이 여압장치가 설비되어 있다. 꼬리날개에는 자기탐지설비(MAD)가, 동체 전면부에는 '베르쿠트'("황금 독수리") 탐색레이더 (NATO 코드명: "Wet Eye")가 튀어나온 반구에 설치되어 있다. 기체에는 내부 무기 bay가 2개 있다. 하나는 날개 전면부 sonobuoy 하우징에, 다른 하ㄴ는 윙 하우징 웨폰 뒤에...[2]

Some Western sources state that 58 were produced;[3] the commander of the ASW squadron at Ostrov has stated that Soviet Naval Aviation received 35,[1] of which about thirty remain in service with Russian Naval Aviation.[5] Five were passed to India in 1977/8.[1] In the mid-1990s it seems the Tu-204/Tu-214 airliner won a competition against the Beriev A-40/Be-42 amphibious plane to replace the Il-38 in Russian service,[1] but a lack of funds crippled the project. More recently an A-40 variant seems to be under development to replace the Il-38.

일부 서방 출처에 따르면 총 58대가 생산되었다고 한다. 한편, 오스트로프의 ASW squadron의 commander는 소련 해군항공이 35개를 받았으며, 이 중 30대가 러시아 해군항공에 현역으로 인계되었다고 주장했다. 5대는 1977/8년 인도군에 인계되었다. 1990년대 중반 Tu-204/Tu-214 항공기가 러시아에서 IL-38을 대체하려는 기종 선택에서 베리예프 A-40/Be-42 수륙양용기와의 경쟁에서 이긴 것으로 보이나, 예산 부족으로 이 계획은 취소되었다. 더욱 최신 소식으로는, A-40 파생기종이 IL-38을 대체하기 위해 개발 중에 있는 것으로 보인다.

India received three ex-Soviet Naval Aviation Il-38s in 1977, with two more arriving in 1983. Indian modifications included fitting pylons to the fuselage side to carry the Sea Eagle anti-ship missile.[6] The Il-38s of the Indian Navy have been sent back to Russia for upgrades. They will incorporate the new Sea Dragon avionic suite, incorporating a new radar, a Forward looking infrared turret under the nose and an electronic intelligence system housed in a box-like structure mounted on struts above the forward fuselage.[5] Three upgraded aircraft, designated Il-38 SD, have been delivered to the Indian Navy.[7]

인도는 3대의 구소련 해군항공 IL-38을 1977년에 받았으며, 나머지 2대를 1983에 받았다. 인도군은 시 이글 대함미사일을 동체 옆면에 장착할 수 있도록 기체를 개량했다. 인도 해군의 IL-38 기체들은 러시아에 개량을 위해 다시 보내졌다. 시 드래곤 ...

Operational history[편집]

An IL-38 May passing low over USS Midway on 18 May 1979

One prototype was lost in the early 1970s when it was forced to ditch at sea.[1]

The Il-38 was operated by units in the Soviet Northern, Pacific and Baltic fleets. In March 1968 a squadron of Il-38s deployed to Cairo in Egypt, flown by Soviet crews but in Egyptian markings, until withdrawn in 1972. Il-38s continued to deploy overseas through the Cold War, flying from Aden in South Yemen, Asmara in what was then Ethiopia, Libya and Syria. Two Il-38s were attacked on the ground in a commando raid and at least one was destroyed by Eritrean People's Liberation Front fighters in 1984 at Asmara.[3] After the Cold War and the breakup of the Soviet Union, Il-38s continue in service with the Russian Navy's Arctic and Pacific Fleets.[5]

The type made its first visit to a NATO base in 1995, at NAS Jacksonville in United States.[1] Its first appearance at an airshow in the West was at the 1996 Royal International Air Tattoo in United Kingdom.[1]

A midair collision occurred on 1 October 2002, during the Indian squadron's silver jubilee celebrations. IN302 and IN304, which were flying parallel to each other, collided above the Dabolim airport in Goa. All twelve aircrew (six aboard each aircraft) were killed and both aircraft were destroyed.[8]

Variants[편집]

An unmarked Ilyushin IL-38, which was later delivered to the Indian Navy in 1983 and was the navy's first Il-38 to be modernised to SD standard.
Ilyushin Il-38N in 2020
Il-38
Production aircraft
Il-38M
Modified with a receiver probe as part of a probe and drogue air refueling system. System not adopted.
Il-38MZ
Tanker variant of the Il-38. Prototype only
Il-38N
Improved variant sometimes referred to as Il-38SD for Sea Dragon, which is a new search and tracking system. The Russian Navy version is equipped with the Novella P-38 system.[9] Novella P-38 is able to find air targets at ranges of up to 90 kilometres and follow surface objects within a radius of 320 kilometres, can track 32 above- and underwater targets simultaneously.[10] 8 aircraft have been delivered to the Russian Navy.[11]틀:Vs Modernised anti-submarine planes have entered into service with Russia’s Pacific and Northern Fleets.[12]

Operators[편집]

Il-38 of the Indian Navy at INS Hansa in Goa, with a Tupolev Tu-142 in the foreground
인도의 기 인도
러시아의 기 러시아

Former operators[편집]

소련의 기 소련

Specifications (Il-38)[편집]

Data from Russian Navy at RIAT 1996[1]

일반 특성

  • 승무원: seven-eight[1]
  • 길이: 40.185[1] m (131 ft 10 in)
  • Wingspan: 37.4[1] m (122 ft 8 in)
  • 높이: 10.17[1] m (33 ft 4 in)
  • 날개 면적: 140[1] m2 (1,500 ft2)
  • 공허중량: 35,500[1] kg (78,264 lb)
  • 최대이륙중량: 66,000[1] kg (145,505 lb)
  • 엔진: 4 × Ivchencko/Progress AI-20M[1] turboprop engines, 3,151 kW (4,225[1] hp) each

성능

  • 최대속력: 645[1] km/h (401 mph; 348 kn)
  • 페리항속거리: 7,500[1] km (4,660 mi; 4,050 nmi)
  • Endurance: 13 hours[1]
  • 실용상승한도: 11,000[1] m (36,089 ft)
  • 상승률: 5.33 m/s (1,049 ft/min)

무장

  • 20,000 lb (9,000 kg) of disposable stores, including depth charges, mines, torpedoes and bombs.

    • See also[편집]

    관련 개발

    유사 항공기

    References[편집]

    위키미디어 공용에 관련된
    미디어 분류가 있습니다.
    1. ↑ 가 나 다 라 마 바 사 아 자 차 카 타 파 하 거 너 더 러 머 버 서 Borst, Marco P.J. (Summer 1996). “Ilyushin IL-38 May- the Russian Orion” (PDF). 《Airborne Log》 (Lockheed): 8–9. 2016년 9월 10일에 [://www.p3orion.nl/il-38%20may.pdf 원본 문서] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말) (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 9월 2일에 확인함. 
    2. ↑ 가 나 다 라 Lake 2005, p.31.
    3. ↑ 가 나 다 라 Lake 2005, p.32.
    4. ↑ 가 나 Gordon 2004, p.92.
    5. ↑ 가 나 다 Lake 2005, p.36.
    6. ↑ Lake 2005, pp.32–33.
    7. ↑ “Индийские противолодочные самолеты получили "Морского змея"”. 《lenta.ru》. 
    8. ↑ “India navy planes collide in mid-air”. 2002년 10월 1일 – news.bbc.co.uk 경유. 
    9. ↑ “Северный флот получил модернизированный противолодочный самолет”. 《lenta.ru》. 
    10. ↑ “Russia's upgraded Il-38N Maritime Patrol Aircraft receives lightweight electrical power supply units”. 
    11. ↑ “Восьмой модернизированный Ил-38Н”. 2016년 12월 23일. 
    12. ↑ “Il-38N antisubmarine aircraft go on Arctic duty”. 《airrecognition.com》. 
    • Lake, Jon. "Russia's Submarine Killer: Ilyushin IL-38 May". Air International, February 2005, Vol 68 No.2. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. pp. 30–36.
    • Gordon, Yefim and Dmitriy Komissarov, Ilyushin Il-18/-20/-22; A Versatile Turboprop Transport, Midland Publishing:Hinckley England. 2004.

    틀:Ilyushin aircraft

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